The Quarry: Dinosaur Road Trip With Grace Part 4

PREVIOUSLY, ON BATTLESTAR GALACTICA:

-Grace Albers and I are taking a trip down to Dinosaur National Monument in Utah and Colorado.
-We checked out some cool petroglyphs and then camped the night.
-We arrived at the quarry.
-And now....

Before we begin, I am going to upload two pictures of dinosaur skeletons that may be useful throughout this post.  The first is the sauropod dinosaur Camarasaurus, and the second is the stegosaur Stegosaurus.  When you see the labeled bones of two other sauropods called Diplodocus and Apatosaurus, you can refer to the Camarasaurus skeleton diagram below.  

A sidelong shot of the quarry face!

Pyg takes a look at the quarry face!

The vast jumble of bones from all sorts of different animals and dinosaurs is thought to be the result of the death of various animals upstream, and then their bones being washed together!  This explains why most of the bones at the quarry are disarticulated (or not fossilized next to each other like they would look like in real life), and are miscellaneous bones from such a wide assortment of creatures!

Bones aren't the only things that are found at the quarry, however!  Here are two pictures of fossil wood!

Pyg takes another look at the quarry face!  You can see the first fossilized log right above her head in the picture.

Remember before, when we mentioned most bones at the quarry are disarticulated?  Well, there are some bones that are articulated, most of which are part of the vertebral columns of various animals.  This looks like the tail vertebrae of something!

An articulated leg, possibly of a Stegosaurus.

A pair of femora belonging to something!

Looks like a rib bone to me!

An assortment of more bones.

Most of what would be considered the "cool fossils" (like skulls and claws) have been removed from the quarry.  According to Dinosaur National Monuments website, the only two skulls that remain belong to Camarasaurus: here is one of those skulls!

I can't identify most of the bones that I see in these pictures, but fortunately the monument sells a guide for a dollar which we bought.  Although the guide doesn't have all of the bones in it (not by a long shot!), it did have a fairly wide selection.  Here are a few of the bones that they identified!

One of the only claws that I saw (not to say that there weren't any others out there) is in the picture below.

Possibly a sauropod ilium.

Several bones identified.

What looks to me like a sauropod vertebrae.

Several articulated vertebrae.

More bony jumbles!

You can also see the top of the quarry wall in this bony jumble shot!

A Stegosaurus plate lies just about in the middle of this shot!

Here is a brief guide to some of the Camarasaurus bones found in the quarry!

A Stegosaurus sacrum (the center, or "body," of the big butterfly-shaped bone) and the left and right ilium (the outer parts, or "wings," of the big butterfly-shaped bone).

More of the quarry face.

A few more shots of various articulated vertebral columns!

A close up of another vertebrae, possibly a sauropod!

A few more shots of Stegosaurus plates!

The plate from the last picture is in the top right hand corner of this picture of what I think might be a sauropod coracoid.

Next time: other things at the quarry!

Alphabet Animals: The Letter Q (Extinct)

In our last post, we looked at some extant, or still living (as opposed to extinct) animals whose name begins with the letter "Q."  Today, we are going to look at a few more of these animals, but this time we are going to be looking at some of those extinct animals!  Let's go, team!

1.  Quetzalcoatlus - One of the largest flying animals of all time, Quetzalcoatlus is not a dinosaur like it is often thought to be.  Instead, Quetzalcoatlus is a memeber of a distinct group of archosaurs (a large groups of reptiles that includes crocodilians and dinosaurs) called the pterosaurs.  Quetzalcoatlus lived in the Late Cretaceous Period of North America, between around 68-65 MYA.

2.  Qantassaurus - A small Australian ornithopod, Qantassaurus was named by paleontologist-couple Patricia Vickers-Rich and Tom Rich after the Australian airline Qantas.  Qantassaurus lived about 115 MYA, when Australia was still a little south of the Antarctic Circle!

3.  Qiaowanlong - A sauropod dinosaur from Yujinzi Basin of Gansu, China, Qiaowanlong was first discovered in 2007, and lived about 100 MYA in the Early Cretaceous Period.

4.  Quagga - An extinct subspecies of the plains zebra, the quagga was once found in the Karoo of South Africa, and was the first extinct creature to have its DNA studied by scientists.  The quagga was actually hunted to extinction by humans: the last wild one is thought to have been shot in the late 1870s, while the last specimen ever known to have existed died on August 12, 1883 at a zoo in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

5. Qingxiusaurus - Described in 2008, Qingxiusaurus is yet another sauropod dinosaur whose name begins with a "Q."  Like Qiaowanlong, Qingxiusaurus was also found in China.  Qingxiusaurus lived much later than Qiaowanlong, however, in the Late Cretaceous Period.

6.  Qiupalong - An ornithomimosaur, or ostrich dinosaur, Qiupalong lived during the Late Cretaceous Period of China, and is the first ornithomimosaur that is definitively known from outside the Gobi Desert in Asia.

7.  Quaesitosaurus - With a name meaning "extraordinary lizard," Quaesitosaurus lived between around 85 and 70 MYA in Mongolia.  It was first discovered in 1983, and its skull was likened to that of a horse.

8.  Quilmesaurus - Native to Argentina during the Late Cretaceous Period, not a lot is known about Quilmesaurus.  It is estimated to have been between around 16 - 20 feet long.

9.  Qinlingosaurus - Yet another Late Cretaceous Asian sauropod, Qinlingosaurus was named after the Qinling Mountains of China in 1996.  

Museum Spotlight: Fernbank Museum of Natural History

In 2006, my family and I went down to Georgia (we were lookin' for a soul to steal) to visit our really good friends the Guinees (we were way behind, and we were willing to make a deal).  On our trip, we visited what is now one of my most favorite museums of all time: the Fernbank Museum of Natural History.  While Fernbank certainly has a large number of really cool exhibits, easily my favorite one was the one around which most of the museum is built: an enormous room with a Giganotosaurus attacking an Argentinosaurus, one of the largest theropod dinosaurs known to science attacking one of the largest sauropod dinosaurs known to science.  It was simply fantastic!  In the upper levels of the atrium thing, you could also see fossil skeletons of various pterosaurs, and there was also a fossil crocodile on the ground floor!  Fantastic!

 

 

 

Another thing that I thought was really cool was a large, life-size statue of Stegosaurus outside of the museum!  Below is a picture of my sister and I acting like dinosaur in front of it!

 All of the photos in this post were taken by Julie Neher.

Atlanta Metro Area on Dwellable

Making Yourself Taller

In life, things often seem as if they are out of reach.  Sometimes, this is true, and you need a ladder or something to help you.  In the wild, however, animals don't have access to conventional ladders.  So what do they do to get there?  Some animals become adapted to climbing, like those that live in forests (arboreal animals).  Other animals don't want to sacrifice a ground-dwelling life style for an arboreal one.  These animals must somehow make themselves taller.

Lots of different animals make themselves taller, by many different means.  Some animals simply grow bigger, like the giraffe and the long-necked dinosaurs (sauropods).  With their long necks, these animals can reach vegetation that is a great deal higher than most animals can reach.  Other animals put special things on their feet to make themselves taller called shoes.  Some of these shoes, known to scientists as "high-heels," are apparently designed to put the girl at optimal kissing height (a fact that I learned about from a friend of mine just a few days ago).  And finally, some animals simply stand up.

Like the gerenuk.  This interesting African antelope is one of my favorites!  As you can see in the picture below, the gerenuk, in order to access vegetation on a higher plane than most animals can, will rear up so it is supported solely by its back two legs, and feed from there.  Many paleontologists hypothesize that the sauropods could also do something similar, as supported by the fact that Apatosaurus babies would run solely on their back feet to keep up with the rest of the herd.

Gerenuk standing on their back legs to access higher vegetation at the Animal Kingdom park at Walt Disney World in Florida.  Photo Credit: Julie Neher

Top Ten Favorite Dinosaurs by Zack Neher (Part 4)

Part four of my Top Ten Favorite Dinosaurs list.  Enjoy!

2. Struthiosaurus

Just like Masiakasaurus, Struthiosaurus also lived during the Late Cretaceous Period.  Also like Masiakasaurus, Struthiosaurus was small.  But Struthiosaurus was small in a very different way than Masiakasaurus.  Remember when we talked about island/insular dwarfism in the context of the Channel Island fox?  Well, island dwarfism is back, in all of its glory!  A brief refresher, island dwarfism is what sometimes happens to animals that have become trapped on islands.  Over many generations, they shrink in order to match the limited food supply.  If there is a limited supply of food, then the smallest of your species, not the largest, are much more likely to survive.  Another factor that often helps island dwarfs is that predation is typically not as intense on islands as compared to mainlands, but that is not always the case.  Anyways, around 75 MYA, global sea levels were much higher.  In North America, we had the Western Interior Seaway dividing the continent, while Europe was simply reduced to a number of individual islands, one of which is now known as Hațeg Island.  And, if you are any good at guessing how stories end, you can probably see where this is going.  Yes, Struthiosaurus was an island-dwarf!  He is also really cool because he is an ankylosaur, a group of dinosaurs that are incredibly interesting!  Another thing that I absolutely have to mention here pertains to the picture of Struthiosaurus that we have below.  This picture was drawn by an incredibly talented young artist named Sam Lippincott.  Only in eighth grade, he is well on his way to achieving artistic greatness!  Below are some more pictures of his, all of them absolutely fantastic!  He made these pictures for my last lecture and I have the Struthiosaurus and Magyarosaurus pictures framed on my wall, I love them so much!  Let's all give Sam a round of applause! 

Struthiosaurus, an ankylosaur, by Sam Lippincott

Telmatosaurus, a hadrosaur, by Sam Lippincott

Magyarosaurus, a sauropod, by Sam Lippincott

Hatzegopteryx, a pterosaur, by Sam Lippincott

Europasaurus, another dwarf sauropod dinosaur, but from an island other than Hațeg Island

TO BE CONCLUDED IN PART 5