The Mace Brown Museum of Natural History

On our trip last summer to South Carolina visiting our friends the Beckleys, we got to visit the Mace Brown Museum of Natural History at the College of Charleston which, as small museums go, I was definitely impressed with.  They had quite the collection laid out in a very pleasing fashion, the lighting was great, and I definitely recommend stopping by for a visit.  They had a very nice assortment of fossils that were either local critters, or animals that had been found nearby and likely would have also been found in the area.  I started making this post way back then, and I never got a chance to finish it, so I just wanted to share a few pictures of some of the interesting animals that they had on display.

For me, last summer was the "Summer of the Giant Ground Sloths."  Up until that time, I had only seen a few ground sloth skeletons on display, including the skeleton at The Living Desert in Palm Desert, California and a mounted skeleton of a Harlan's ground sloth (Paramylodon harlani) behind the scenes at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.  But last summer, I got to see mounted specimens at the Mace Brown Museum, the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center, and the American Museum of Natural History.  The sloth skeleton above is the mid-sized ground sloth Glossotherium, from approximately 1.8 MYA during the Pleistocene Epoch in Florida.  The arm below is from the enormous Eremotherium, one of the earliest South American animals that migrated into North America during the Great American Interchange, approximately 2.2 MYA.  This specimen is thought to be approximately 1.6 MY old, from Florida.  That little sign placard next to the arm was probably about 2x3 inches.  These sloths were simply enormous.

I also got my first good look at a bizarre group of bizarre, dermal-armored animals known as pampatheres.  Below, we have the giant armadillo-like pampathere Holmesina septentrionalis from the Pleistocene Epoch, between around 2 - 1.5 MYA, also from Florida.  According to the signs, Holmesina is one of the largest pampatheres, and was given its current name by the famous paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson, which can be read by clicking HERE.  Originally, Holmesina was described as a species of Glyptodon by Joseph Leidy, who later thought that the animal was actually a type of giant armadillo, but Simpson was able to set the record straight in 1930.  This animal is in the same order as the armadillos and the glyptodonts, and like the other two groups, is completely covered in dermal armor.  The second picture shows a close up of that dermal armor on the front legs.

This picture displays the skulls of two rodents.  The one on the left belongs to Castor canadensis, the North American beaver.  The one on the right, however, that is freaking huge, is also from a beaver, just a gigantic extinct beaver.  Meet Castoroides ohioensis, a beaver the size of a black bear!  From what I have been able to find, it is unknown whether Castoroides built dams like its modern counterpart.  What is known is that it was one gigantic enormous beaver.

I also got to see my first fossil penguin (cast or otherwise) not still surrounded by matrix.  This is a cast of the skull of the penguin Palaeospheniscus, a genus of fossil penguin that was abundant during the Miocene of South America.  Their fossils have been discovered in Peru and Argentina, both places where penguins of the genus Spheniscus, such as the Magellanic and Humboldt penguins, are found today.

Works Cited:

Damu the Greater Angle-Winged Katydid!

A few months ago, I looked up at the dorm room wall and there was a katydid perched there!  I captured him and put him in a container for a week!  I learned a little bit about katydids, so put your listening ears on!

Damu in his container.  "Damu" means "blood" in Swahili, and for good reason.  This little insect was a bloodthirsty demon, I tell you what.  Which is a joke because it eats leaves.  Ha.

I figured out that Damu was probably a greater angle-winged katydid (Microcentrum rhombifolium), native to the southwestern and eastern United States.  The adults are only around from between July and October, except in Florida, where the higher year round temperatures allow the species to live year round.

The greater angle-wing is pretty large as insects go (especially here in Colorado), and looks quite cool!  As you can probably tell from the picture below, the katydid has evolved to superbly mimic its surroundings: i.e., the leaves of trees!  This makes the katydid one of my Top Ten Favorite Camouflagers, one of four insects to make the cut!

Top Ten Favorite Camouflagers
By Zack Neher

1.  Octopus
2.  Walking Leaves
3.  Leafy Sea Dragon
4.  Katydid
5.  Ghost Mantis
6.  Harry Potter Under the Invisiblity Cloak
7.  Arctic Fox
8.  Walking Stick
9.  Optimus Prime
10.  Ptarmigan
11.  Leaf-Tailed Gecko


If you live in much of the United States (refer to the map below), you can probably see the greater angle-winged katydid!  Or, at least, hear it!  I know for me personally, once I knew what I was listening to, I heard them ALL the time!  Click the link to hear a sound clip of the male making its distinctive clicking sound!  (Damu made these sounds, which is why I am almost positive of him being a male).

Male Katydid Clicking Sounds

Damu is sadly no longer with us: I kept him for about a week, and decided to let him go.  He spent a lot of time making his clicking sounds (which are surprisingly loud for a critter of his size), especially at night when we were trying to sleep.  It got quite annoying, and I wanted him to be free, so I released him from his prison.  Plus he pooped WAY more than an insect of his size should.

I caught another katydid later on, this time a female.  You could tell that Damu Mbili (Damu II in Swahili) was a female because she never clicked and had an ovipositor, an organ possessed by some animals to aid in egg laying.  She died in the middle of October, right around when you would expect these katydids to pass away, though I did hear male katydids clicking away intermittently through the 27th of October.  Here are a few pictures.

Check back soon for our next post, where we look at some insects that I saw at my recent visit to the San Diego Zoo, many of which are expert camouflagers!

Works Referenced:

The Wild Reptiles of Epcot

One of the best parks at Walt Disney World in Florida was Epcot, it was super cool to see all of the different cultures and stuff like that!  Epcot also had lots of cool resident wildlife in and around the vast lake that much of the park is built around!

I just LOVE this picture!  An anole contemplates how small it really is as it gazes upon the Epcot ball!

We saw a TON of anoles!

 

 There were also a ton of cool turtles and fish just chilling in the waters at Epcot! 

 

 

Zoo Spotlight: Gatorland

When my family and I visited Disney World in Orlando, Florida in 2007, my dad really wanted to go to this alligator zoo thing that he had gone to before, called Gatorland.  It was really awesome!  So let's do a Zoo Spotlight on it!  Every photo in here was taken by my mother, so there is no need to do a "Photo Credit" for every single one!  First off is the entrance to Gatorland!

Perched right next to the entrance were a number of black vultures!

And, as you can probably imagine of a place called "Gatorland," there were lots and lots of alligators, all over the place!  Probably some of the coolest alligators we saw while we were there, though, were the ones that were involved in the feeding demonstration!

There were lots more alligators too, though.  Some were sunning themselves....

 

 

Now, what was that bird in the last picture of the alligator sunning itself on a dock?  That was a great blue heron, and not only do we have those here in Colorado, but there were a bunch there too!

The great blue herons seemed pretty comfortable in the murky water, although something sinister lurked beneath....

 

 

 

 

 

And as if that wasn't enough, they had a place where you could feed goats, too!

 

So would I recommend Gatorland to anyone who was going to be in the area?  Heck, I would recommend it to anyone who isn't going to be in the area, too!

Buena Ventura Lakes on Dwellable

Acrobatic Felines: The Serval

This birthday post goes out to Maiji Castro, happy birthday Maiji!  If you have a birthday coming up, just email me the date at cuyvaldar123946@gmail.com with the date and your favorite animal, and I will do my best to get a post in!

Today, the serval is going to be added to our pantheon of acrobatic felines!  The serval (Leptailurus serval) is another one of those mid-sized cats, like the caracal, bobcat, and lynx, and is actually closely related to the caracal!  DNA studies place the serval in what is frequently referred to as the "Caracal Lineage," with the serval being the basal-most, or the earliest to split off, of these three cats.  The other two are, of course, the caracal, and its closest relative, the African golden cat.

So that tells us about the serval's phylogenetic position in the feline family tree, but what else do we know about this interesting creature?  And how is it so acrobatic?  Well, the serval, much like the caracal, is a jumper, perhaps not quite as high of a leaper, but nevertheless an amazingly nimble cat.  It's incredible jumps are assisted by its long legs: in fact, the serval has, in relation to its body size, the longest legs of any feline.  To see the incredible leaps of the serval, click on the link below!

A Pretty Awesome Serval Jump!

The serval is labeled "Least Concern" by the IUCN, and has a very wide distribution across the continent of Africa, excluding deserts (like the Sahara) and the equatorial jungles of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the neighboring countries.  The serval once inhabited the countries of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, as well, but seems to have been extirpated (caused to go extinct in one country as opposed to extinct overall; a local extinction).  It is also now found in Tunisia again, but was reintroduced there by humans.

Four albino servals have been documented throughout the years, all of which were born in captivity.  One was born in Canada in the early '90s, but died just a week or two after birth.  The other three were all born at Florida's excellent cat sanctuary, Big Cat Rescue.  (If you want to see a ton of really, really cute pictures, click on this link HEREEEEEEEEEEEEEE to their Facebook page.  Trust me, you will NOT be disappointed!)  One of these three died a few years back, but they still have two!  First is Pharaoh, who is featured in the picture below, and Tonga, who is featured in all of the rest of the pictures, and who recently overcame nose cancer.  Enjoy!

Ginger Kathrens and the Morrison Museum

So last night my friend Masaki Kleinkopf and I were hoping to see Ginger Kathrens, a woman who is big on horses, and presented three fantastic episodes for the PBS show "Nature" about a specific horse named Cloud (as well as other wild horses in Montana), speak at the Colorado Horse Rescue.  However, despite the fact that we were told that it was going to be free, it was not.  There was a ten dollar entrance fee.  We decided not to go but, since, Ginger Kathrens lives and often works in Colorado, I will probably get another chance to meet her eventually. 

However, at my volunteer job thingy at the Morrison Natural History Museum, I got the opportunity to work with Dr. Robert Bakker again, as well as a few other really cool people, like Matt Mossbrucker, Guy, and John, as well as a few other volunteers.  I also had the pleasure of meeting a few really nice folks from Florida who come up to this area of Colorado for the summer.  All in all, it was a pretty fun day!

Both Bakker and the Florida Folks were able to confirm what I had as a porpoise rib.  I guess "confirm" is not really the right word, as I thought that it was a giant ground sloth tooth. 

OK, again, I would just like to point out how awesome it is that I get to work with Dr. Bakker.  Although by no means the only source, or the only place that would say this, but this list of the top ten most influential paleontologists lists Dr. Bakker as number two.  That's kind of a big deal!  Some very, very exciting stuff!

 http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/dinosaurdiscovery/tp/tenpaleontologists.htm
 
I am a little too tired to do an actual, legitimate post, but we will be back tomorrow with "ANIMAL SPOTLIGHT:  THE OKAPI."

Golden on Dwellable

Animal Spotlight: The Capybara

Today, we are going to investigate the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).  Listed as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, both parts of its scientific name, hydrochoerus and hydrochaeris mean the same thing.  As you probably noticed, they both contain the Greek root "hydro," which, as you probably know, means "water."  The second half would be forgivable if you were unfamiliar with it: it means hog, or pig.  So, from its scientific name, we can assume that the capybara is a water pig.

Again, it would be understandable if you were to think that, as the capybara most definitely resembles a pig, at least superficially.  However, the capybara is not pig: instead, it is a rodent, related to creatures such as chinchillas.  As a matter of fact, the capybara is the world's largest extant rodent! 

Semi-aquatic, the capybara has evolved webbed feet, like many other semi-aquatic animals, like the POLAR BEAR.  An herbivore, the capybara must face attacks from many predatory animals, including the caiman (a relative of a crocodile), eagles, ocelot, puma/mountain lion, jaguar, and the anaconda, for who the capybara is its favorite meal.  The capybara generally travels in herds of around ten or twenty, but groups of up to one hundred have been seen before.

Capybara are fairly common zoo animals, and, when they escape into the wild, if they can find a semi-aquatic habitat that they like, they can often survive and thrive.  Sightings are common throughout Florida, and there have been sightings in California as well. 

When it isn't an escaped convict of the zoo, the capybara lives throughout most of mainland South America (thus excluding Trinidad and Tobago), except for the country of Chile.  These countries are Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia.

Not enough capybara for you?  Well just check out these two amusing video clips below!  The first one shows a capybara with a case of the hiccups at the Bristol Zoo in England (UK), while the one below shows squirrel monkeys riding capybaras at the Saitama Zoo in Saitama, Japan.

The Hiccuping Capybara

Squirrel Monkeys Riding Capybaras


Finally, here are a pair of pictures that I took of one of the capybaras at the San Antonio Zoo in Texas.  Enjoy!

One of the capybaras sleeping at the San Antonio Zoo in Texas.

One of the capybaras sleeping at the San Antonio Zoo in Texas.

The Fauna of South Carolina: Reptiles and Amphibians

First off, don't forget to look below to see the answer to last weeks mystery animal, and to see a couple of pictures of this weeks!

Recently, my family visited some good friends of ours in South Carolina for a few weeks.  Not only did we have a lot of fun visiting them, we saw a lot of cool plants and animals there that we simply don't have up north!  For some of you, many of these animals and plants will be routine and boring, but hopefully there will be something in here that you will find interesting!  I think I am going to split this post up into at least a few different segments, with tomorrows post devoted entirely to the Black Skimmer, a very interesting bird that I had the good fortune to see hunt!  So today I am going to talk about some of the interesting reptiles and amphibians we saw down there, and over the next few weeks we can take a look at some of the birds, fossils and other things we saw down there!

Due to the increased heat and humidity, coupled with less of a swing between the seasons (i.e. it rarely snows and drops below freezing), the south is an excellent place to see all sorts of reptiles and amphibians.  We saw a number of turtles and a frog/toad or two when we were in the south, but what interested me more were the lizards.

A Carolina anole (Anolis carolinensis).  Despite its name, the Carolina anole is found in both South and North Carolina, as well as Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama and Mississippi.

A type of skink, but I have yet to ascertain its species, although I am almost certain its genus is that of Plestiodon

And then, of course, there's the gators.  The American Alligator lives in the same states as the Carolina anole, as well as Virginia, Arkansas and Oklahoma.  While we did see a few in the wild, all of these shots (except for that of the gator footprint) were taken at a place called Brookgreen Gardens, or at a restaurant called the Crab Shack.

This big gator we saw at Brookgreen Gardens

This is a picture of a gator footprint that I took.  You can see three of the toes very well, making it look a lot like a theropod dinosaur track, but you can see the other two toes as little holes in the ground.

This picture, and all the rest, were taken at an awesome (both food- and entertainment-wise) restaurant on Tybee Island in Georgia called The Crab Shack.

 

 

 

 

 

 This post is part of "The Fauna of South Carolina" series.  For the rest of the posts in this series, click HERE.

Sea Pines on Dwellable